Geography
Crete is the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean and the largest of the islands forming part of modern Greece. It is relatively long and narrow, stretching for 160 miles (260 km) on its east-west axis and varying in width from 7.5 to 37 miles (12 to 60 km).
Crete is dominated by harsh mountains rising out of the sea. The island’s east-west mountainous range consists of four main groups that rise to the island’s highest point, Mount Ídhi, 8,058 feet (2,456 metres) in elevation. To the west the Levká Óri (“White Mountains”) reach 8,045 feet (2,452 metres), and to the east the Dhíkti Óri extend to 7,047 feet (2,148 metres) in elevation. These mountains rise above the high upland plains of Nída, Omalós, and Lasíthi. The gradually sloping northern coast provides several natural harbours and coastal plains, where such major towns as Chania (Chaníon), Réthimnon (Réthymnon), and Iráklion are located. The Mesará (Mesarás) Plain extends along the south-central part of the island for about 18 miles (29 km) and is Crete’s major expanse of flatlands. Sandy beaches dot the perimeter of the island along the coastline. Crete has six small rivers as well as springs and seasonal watercourses.